Health Encyclopedia

Imipramine overdose

Definition

Imipramine is a prescription medicine used to treat depression. Imipramine overdose occurs when someone takes more than the normal or recommended amount of this medicine. This can be by accident or on purpose.

This article is for information only. DO NOT use it to treat or manage an actual overdose. If you or someone you are with has an overdose, call the local emergency number (such as 911), or the local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States.

Alternative Names

Tofranil overdose, Norpramin overdose

Poisonous Ingredient

Imipramine can be harmful in large amounts.

Where Found

Imipramine is sold under many brand names. Some of these are:

• Norpramin
• Tofranil

Medicines with other names may also contain imipramine.

Symptoms

Below are symptoms of an imipramine overdose in different parts of the body. These symptoms may occur more often or be more severe in people who also take certain other medicines that affect serotonin, a chemical in the brain.

AIRWAYS AND LUNGS

• Slow, labored breathing

BLADDER AND KIDNEYS

• Cannot urinate
• Hard to start urinating, or weak urine stream

EYES, EARS, MOUTH, NOSE, AND THROAT

• Blurred vision
• Dry mouth
• Enlarged pupils
• Eye pain in people at risk for a type of glaucoma
• Dry eyes
• Ringing in the ears

HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS

• Low blood pressure
• Irregular heartbeat
• Pounding heartbeat (palpitations)
• Rapid heartbeat
• Shock

NERVOUS SYSTEM

• Agitation
• Coma (lack of responsiveness)
• Confusion
• Seizures
• Delirium (confusion and agitation)
• Depression
• Drowsiness
• Hallucinations
• Inability to concentrate
• Nervousness
• Tremor
• Unsteadiness
• Rigidity or stiffness of the limbs

SKIN

• Dry, red skin

STOMACH AND INTESTINES

• Constipation
• Vomiting

Before Calling Emergency

Have this information ready:

• Person's age, weight, and condition
• Name of the product (ingredients and strength, if known)
• Time it was swallowed
• Amount swallowed
• If the medicine was prescribed for the person

Poison Control

Your local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. This national hotline will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions.

This is a free and confidential service. All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. It does NOT need to be an emergency. You can call for any reason, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

What to Expect at the Emergency Room

Take the container to the hospital with you, if possible.

The health care provider will measure and monitor the person's vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure.

Tests that may done include:

• Blood and urine tests
• Chest x-ray
• ECG (electrocardiogram, or heart tracing)

Treatment may include:

• Fluids through a vein (by IV)
• Medicines to treat symptoms, such as sodium bicarbonate or lidocaine
• Activated charcoal
• Laxatives
• Breathing support, including a tube through the mouth into the lungs and connected to a breathing machine (ventilator)

Outlook (Prognosis)

An imipramine overdose can be very serious. Heart rhythm disturbances can be fatal.

People who overdose on this drug are almost always admitted to the hospital. The faster they get medical help, the better the chance of recovery. Complications such as pneumonia, muscle damage from lying on a hard surface for a prolonged period of time, or brain damage from lack of oxygen may result in permanent disability. Death can occur.

References

Aronson JK. Tricyclic antidepressants. In: Aronson JK, ed. Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs. 16th ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier; 2016:146-169.

Levine MD, Ruha A-M. Antidepressants. In: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 146.

Review Date:11/13/2021
Reviewed By:Jesse Borke, MD, CPE, FAAEM, FACEP, Attending Physician at Kaiser Permanente, Orange County, CA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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